Gulu la zosefera mpweya

Chosefera cha chotsukira mpweya chimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: chinthu chowuma ndi fyuluta yonyowa. Zowuma zosefera ndi pepala losefera kapena nsalu yopanda nsalu. Pofuna kuwonjezera malo olowera mpweya, zinthu zambiri zosefera zimakonzedwa ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono. Choseferacho chikasokonezedwa pang'ono, chimatha kuwomberedwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa. Zosefera zikawonongeka kwambiri, ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano pakapita nthawi.

Chosefera chonyowa chimapangidwa ndi siponji ngati polyurethane. Mukayiyika, onjezerani mafuta ndikuukanda ndi dzanja kuti mutenge zinthu zachilendo mumlengalenga. Ngati sefayo yadetsedwa, imatha kutsukidwa ndi mafuta oyeretsera, ndipo choseferacho chiyenera kusinthidwa ngati chadetsedwa kwambiri.

Ngati fyulutayo yatsekedwa kwambiri, kukana kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu ya injini idzachepa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amayamwa kudzawonjezekanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakaniza kwakukulu, zomwe zidzasokoneza kayendedwe ka injini, kuonjezera mafuta, komanso kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon. Nthawi zambiri, muyenera kukulitsa kuyang'ana fyuluta ya mpweya pafupipafupi

Zizolowezi zazikulu.

Zoyipa mu fyuluta yamafuta

Ngakhale fyuluta yamafuta imasiyanitsidwa ndi dziko lakunja, ndizovuta kuti zonyansa zomwe zili m'malo ozungulira zilowe mu injini, koma mafutawo amakhalabe opanda pake. Zonyansa zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: -gawo ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timagwira ntchito ndi fumbi ndi mchenga womwe umalowa kuchokera kumafuta opangira mafuta powonjezera mafuta a injini; gulu lina ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe ndi matope akuda.

Ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kusintha kwamankhwala mumafuta a injini pa kutentha kwakukulu panthawi ya injini. Amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito amafuta a injini, amafooketsa mafuta, ndikumamatira ku magawo osuntha, ndikuwonjezera kukana.

Mtundu wakale wa zitsulo zachitsulo udzafulumizitsa kuvala kwa crankshaft, camshaft ndi ma shafts ena ndi mayendedwe mu injini, komanso m'munsi mwa silinda ndi mphete ya pistoni. Zotsatira zake, kusiyana pakati pa zigawozo kudzawonjezeka, kufunikira kwa mafuta kudzawonjezeka, kuthamanga kwa mafuta kudzatsika, ndi cylinder liner ndi piston mphete Kusiyana pakati pa mafuta a injini ndi mphete ya pistoni ndi yaikulu, kuchititsa kuti mafuta awotchedwe, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi komanso

Kupanga ma depositi a kaboni.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mafuta amathamangira ku poto ya mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa mafuta a injini kukhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo amataya mphamvu zake. Izi sizothandiza kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa makinawo, zomwe zimapangitsa injini kutulutsa utsi wakuda ndikugwetsa mphamvu yake, kukakamiza kukonzanso pasadakhale (ntchito ya fyuluta yamafuta ndiyofanana ndi impso yamunthu).