Ithuluzi lokususa ukungcola okusemoyeni. Uma imishini ye-piston (injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, i-compressor ephindaphindayo, njll.) isebenza, uma umoya ophefumulayo uqukethe uthuli nokunye ukungcola, uzokwandisa ukuguga kwezingxenye, ngakho-ke izihlungi zomoya kufanele zifakwe.

Isihlungi somoya siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: isici sokuhlunga kanye negobolondo. Izidingo eziyinhloko zesihlungi somoya ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugeleza okuphansi, nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside.

umthelela omkhulu

Injini idinga ukumunca umoya omningi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma umoya ungahlungiwe, uthuli olumisiwe emoyeni lumuncwa ku-cylinder, okuzosheshisa ukuguga komhlangano we-piston kanye nesilinda. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezingena phakathi kwepiston nesilinda zizobangela isenzakalo esibucayi sokudonsa isilinda, esibucayi ikakhulukazi endaweni yokusebenza eyomile nesihlabathi. Isihlungi somoya sifakwe ngaphambi kwepayipi lokungenisa ukuze kuhlungwe uthuli nezinhlayiya zesihlabathi emoyeni, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umoya owanele nohlanzekile ungena kusilinda.

Phakathi kwezinkulungwane zezingxenye nezingxenye zemoto, isihlungi somoya siyingxenye engabonakali kakhulu, ngoba asihlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe bemoto, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwemoto, isihlungi somoya (Ikakhulukazi engine) inomthelela omkhulu empilweni yesevisi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ungekho umphumela wokuhlunga wesihlungi somoya, injini izohogela inani elikhulu lomoya oqukethe uthuli nezinhlayiya, okuholela ekugugekeni okukhulu nokudabuka kwesilinda senjini; ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ingagcinwa isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, isihlungi somoya Isici sokuhlunga sokuhlanza sizogcwaliswa ngothuli emoyeni, okungeke kunciphise kuphela umthamo wokuhlunga, kodwa futhi kuvimbele ukujikeleza umoya, okuholela ekuxubeni komoya okujiyile ngokweqile nokusebenza okungavamile kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa njalo kwesihlungi somoya kubalulekile.

Izihlungi zomoya ngokuvamile zinezinhlobo ezimbili: ukugeza kwephepha namafutha. Ngenxa yokuthi izihlungi zephepha zinenzuzo yokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga, isisindo esincane, izindleko eziphansi, nokugcinwa okulungile, zisetshenziswe kakhulu. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwesici sokuhlunga iphepha kuphezulu njengo-99.5%, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwesihlungi sokugeza uwoyela kungu-95-96% ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

Izihlungi zomoya ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ziyizihlungi zephepha, ezihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezomile nezimanzi. Ngesici sokuhlunga esomile, uma sicwiliswa emafutheni noma kumswakama, ukumelana nokuhlunga kuzokwanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, gwema ukuthintana nomswakama noma amafutha lapho uhlanza, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele kushintshwe entsha.

Lapho injini isebenza, umoya owuthathayo uthatha kancane, okubangela ukuba umoya osesihlungini somoya udlidlize. Uma umfutho womoya uguquguquka kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuzoba nomthelela ekungeneni kwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo wokudla uzokwanda ngalesi sikhathi. Ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo wokungenisa, umthamo wezindlu zokuhlanza umoya ungandiswa, futhi ezinye izingxenye zihlelwe kuwo ukuze kuncishiswe i-resonance.

Isici sokuhlunga se-air cleaner ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: isici sokuhlunga esomile kanye nesici sokuhlunga esimanzi. Izinto zokuhlunga ezomile ziyiphepha lokuhlunga noma indwangu engalukiwe. Ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokudlula umoya, izinto eziningi zokuhlunga zicutshungulwa ngamafolda amaningi amancane. Uma isici sokuhlunga singcoliswe kancane, singashaywa ngomoya ocindezelwe. Uma isici sokuhlunga sonakaliswe kabi, kufanele sishintshwe kufakwe esisha ngesikhathi.

Isici sokuhlunga esimanzi senziwe nge-sponge-like polyurethane material. Uma uyifaka, faka amafutha enjini bese uwaxova ngesandla ukuze umunce izinto zangaphandle emoyeni. Uma isici sokuhlunga singcolile, singahlanzwa ngamafutha okuhlanza, futhi isici sokuhlunga kufanele sishintshwe uma singcoliswe kakhulu.

Uma isici sokuhlunga sivinjwe kakhulu, ukumelana nomoya kuzokwanda futhi amandla enjini azokwehla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokwanda kokungazweli komoya, inani likaphethiloli elimuncwa nalo lizokhula, okuzoholela ekuxubeni kwesilinganiso esicebile ngokweqile, okuzowohloka isimo sokusebenza kwenjini, kwandise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi kukhiqizwe kalula amadiphozithi ekhabhoni. Kufanele uzijwayeze ukuhlola isici sokuhlunga umoya njalo.